A Short History of Newspapers and Magazines

Name: jumani pooja k

Paper: 403 Mass media

Topic:   A Short History of Newspapers and Magazines

Roll no: 16

M.A:part 2

Sem: 4

Year: 2012-13

Submitted to

  

 Dr Dilip Barad

    Department of English

M.K.  Bhavnagar University

  

                                  

A Short History of Newspapers and Magazines

Before the invention of newspapers in the early 17th century, official government bulletins were circulated at times in some centralized empires.

And people didn’t know about news or idea of the news or that kind of things. After the handwritten news sheet, and single item news publications.

The Roman Empire published Acta Diurna ("Daily Acts"), or government announcement bulletins, around 59 BC, as ordered by Julius Caesar.  They were carved in metal or stone and posted in public places.

In 1766,A British editer,William Bolts, offered the first ever paper to his fellow countrymen in Calcutta and helped them establish a printing press.

In 1780, James Augustus Hickey published Bengal Gazette/General Calcutta Adviser. The size of that four-  page newspaper was 12"x8". Hickey too was against the Company Government and published internal news of the employees of the Company.

In November 1781, India Gazette was also introduced; it was pro Government and against Hickey

Newspapers of that time were in English, and the news only related to British activity in India. As the readers were also British, the local population was not the target. But the Company feared that these Indian papers could get to England and may defame the Company in England. English papers used to take nine months to reach India.

There is more bad news. The golden age of political coverage that journalism critics pine over – the era when reporters concentrated on the "real" issues-turns out to have been as mythical as the golden age of politics. In those rare historical moments when politicians deigned to face major problems and condescended to allow journalists to comment on them, those comments tended to be wildly subjective, as when the founders of our free press called their pro-British compatriots "diabolical Tools of Tyrants" and "men totally abandoned to wickedness." Samuel Johnson, writing in a era when thinkers like Joseph Addison, Daniel Defoe and Jonathon Swift dominated British periodicals, concluded that the press "affords sufficient information to elate vanity, and stiffen obstinacy, but too little to enlarge the mind."

By the early 19th century, many cities in Europe, as well as North and South America, published newspaper-type publications though not all of them developed in the same way; content was vastly shaped by regional and cultural preferences. Advances in printing technology related to the Industrial Revolution enabled newspapers to become an even more widely circulated means of communication. In 1814 The Times u.k acquired a printing press capable of making 1,100 impressions per minute

•      1920s and 1930s

Ø Newspapers in this period started reflecting popular political opinion. While big

Ø English dailies were loyal to the British government, the vernacular press was

Ø strongly nationalist.

Ø The Leader and Bombay Chronicle were pro-Congress.

Ø The Servant of India and The Bombay Chronicle were moderate.

Ø The Bande Mataram of Aurbindo Ghosh, Kal of Poona and Sakli of Surat were

Ø fiercely nationalist

As more and more Indians started learning English, many became reporters, editors an  even owners. The Anglo-Indian press began to lose ground except in Bombay and Calcutta.

In 1927, industrialist G D Birla took over Hindustan Times and placed it on a sound financial footing.

news give knowledge about universal as well as around to us its good for the readers and aware of the peoples  and they know about of society affaires and politician issue. News give information about world.

The bad news is that two of the subjects humans have   most wanted to keep up with throughout the ages are – you guessed it – sex and violence.

Ø History of magazine

The English word magazine recalls Magazines

Military storehouse of war materiel and originally was derived from the Arabic word makhazin meaning "storehouses." The term magazine was coined for this use by Edward Cave, editor o

Ø Types of Magazines

Most magazines look more or less the same at first glance, but

Consumer: magazines targeting general reading audiences who       are subsets of the general public with special interests. For instance, there are consumer magazines that cover homes, sports, news, fashion, teen gossip, and many more groups of readers.

 1857The Uprising of 1857 brought out the divide between Indian  owned and British owned

 Newspapers. The government passed the Gagging Act of      1847and the Vernacular Press

Act in 1876

Trade and Professional: magazines targeting people working in trades, businesses and professional fields. These periodicals provide news, information and how-to articles for readers working in specific industries with advertising content focused on those industries or trades including job notices.

v  Some popular and the world’s first magazines

Ø 1731 The first modern general-interest magazine, The Gentleman's Magazine, is published in England as entertainment with essays, stories, poems and political commentary.

Ø 1739 The Scots Magazine begins and today remains the oldest consumer magazine in print.

Ø 1741 Benjamin Franklin intends to publish America's first magazine, General Magazine, but is scooped when American Magazine comes out three days earlier.

Ø 1770 The first women's magazine, The Lady's Magazine, starts with literary and fashion content plus embroidery patterns.

Ø 1843 The Economist begins examining news, politics, business, science and the arts.

Ø 1857 The Atlantic magazine arrives.